By Israeli-Palestinian
- British Mandate for Palestine (1920-1948): After World War I, the League of Nations granted Britain a mandate over Palestine, which included present-day Israel and Jordan. The mandate aimed to establish a “national home for the Jewish people” while also protecting the rights of the Arab population. However, tensions grew between Jewish immigrants and Arab Palestinians during this period.
- United Nations Partition Plan (1947): In 1947, the United Nations proposed a partition plan that would divide Palestine into separate Jewish and Arab states, with Jerusalem under international administration. Jewish leaders accepted the plan, but Arab leaders rejected it, viewing it as unfair. This rejection set the stage for the 1948 Arab-Israeli War.
- 1948 Arab-Israeli War (1948-1949): Following the declaration of the State of Israel in May 1948, neighboring Arab countries launched an invasion to prevent the establishment of a Jewish state. The war resulted in an Israeli victory, with Israel gaining more territory than outlined in the UN partition plan. Many Palestinians fled or were displaced during the conflict, leading to a refugee crisis that continues to this day.
- Six-Day War (1967): Tensions between Israel and its Arab neighbors escalated, leading to the Six-Day War in June 1967. Israel launched a preemptive strike against Egypt, Jordan, and Syria, resulting in a swift Israeli victory. Israel occupied the Sinai Peninsula, the West Bank (including East Jerusalem), and the Gaza Strip. The occupation of these territories became a significant point of contention and a source of ongoing conflict.
- Oslo Accords (1993-1995): The Oslo Accords were a series of agreements signed between Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) aimed at achieving a peaceful resolution to the conflict. The accords established the Palestinian Authority and outlined a process for Palestinian self-governance in parts of the West Bank and Gaza Strip. However, the peace process faced challenges and was not fully implemented, leading to continued tensions.
- Second Intifada (2000-2005): The Second Intifada, or Palestinian uprising, began in 2000 following the failure of peace negotiations and the provocative visit of then-Israeli opposition leader Ariel Sharon to the Temple Mount/Haram al-Sharif. The uprising involved widespread Palestinian protests, suicide bombings, and Israeli military operations, resulting in significant casualties on both sides.
These are just a few of the many historical events that have shaped the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The conflict is multifaceted and deeply rooted in competing national aspirations, territorial disputes, religious claims, and historical grievances. Its complexity underscores the ongoing challenges in finding a lasting resolution.
